Amylase production by fungi isolated from cassava processing site. Trichoderma reesei production and aspergillus oryzae for amylase production together. Production of endoglucanases is widely distributed among fungi and cellobiohydrolases have been isolated in multiple whiterot fungi and in plant pathogens. Amylase production by endophytic fungi cylindrocephalumsp.
Amylase production did not depend on the presence of starch in the growth medium but its inclusion in the medium enhanced amylase production by a. Considerable amounts were also recorded at ph 5, 7 and 8 but. Roscoe were screened for amylolytic activity on glucose yeast extract peptone agar gyp medium. Enhancement of amylase production by aspergillus sp. Production of amylase by fungi isolated from legume seeds collected in. Influence of various physical and chemical factors such as ph, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources on amylase production in liquid media were studied. Antimicrobial activity and amylase production by rhizophus microsporus.
Amylase penicillium chrysogenummare listed in table 1. Amylase is used in several industrial processes or industries, for example, in the food industry, the saccharification of starchy materials, and in the detergent and textile industry. Production of amylase by fungi isolated from legume seeds. These enzymes are found in animal, plant, bacteria, and fungi. Major advantage of using fungi for the amylase production is the economical bulk production capacity shah et al. Extracellular enzymatic activities of endophytic fungi. Introduction in recent years the potential of microorganisms as bioresources for production of industrially important. Fungi used as targets in the antibiotic bioassay were pythium ultimum, rhizoctonia solani and fusarium. Three discs were placed on petri plate containing autoclaved 15 ml of glucose yeast extract peptone agar gyp medium glucose 1 g, yeast extract 0. Sucrose appeared to be a poor carbon source for amylase synthesis by the test fungi. Amylases are among the most important enzymes used in modern biotechnology particularly in the process involving starch hydrolysis. Fungal amylase has large applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Buying saves time and ensures a high yielding strain.
The present study was carried out to study the production of fungal enzymes viz. The present paper reports on the production of industrial enzymes amylase, car. Amylase production was investigated both in smf 1 and in ssf 2 condition growing a. Penicillium chrysogenum was used as the microbial source for producing amylase by solid state fermentation using various substrates such as, corncob leaf, rye straw, wheat straw and wheat bran 14. Amylase production from aspergillus oryzae ls1 by solidstate. Thus the present study was designed in search of cheaper carbon sources for the production of alpha amylase enzyme by fungal strains.
Production of fungal amylases using cheap, readily available. Whether the associated bacteria are a potential source of enzymes or the concentrations of enzymes are of only minor importance, is unknown. Pdf isolation of amylase producing fungi from paddyfield soil. Production of enzymes by solid state fermentation using these moulds turned a cost effective production technique.
Journal of finore et al, microb biochem technol 214. Production of glucoamylase by aspergillus oryzae under. Transfer your isolated amylase producing fungi to potato dextrose agar slants, and the bacteria to nutrient agar. Pdf the use of microbial products for therapeutic treatment has increased recently, especially secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds. All fungal isolates were tested and screened for the production of extracellular enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and pectinase. Screening, isolation and characterization of amylase. Isolated endophytic fungi were screened qualitatively ch as amylase, rhizoctonia sp. Sources of amylases in yeast, bacteria and other fungi have. Solid media are described on which the production of the extracellular enzymes amylase, lipase, dna and rnaase, pectinase, protease, urease, and chitinase were detected. Optimal amylase yield was obtained at ph 8 and 6 by the two fungi, respectively. Isolation and screening of extracellular enzymatic. Screening and identification of amylase producing bacteria. Very few reports are available on amylases from endophytic fungi, which. Production, purification and characterization of amylase using.
Filamentous fungi apparently constitute the major source of glucoamylases among all microbes 6. The amylase production by the selected experimental microorganisms was determined by optimizing the media by adding different bacteria in the production media. Isolation of amylase producers from the environment the soil contains a rich deposit of both bacteria and fungi, which produce amylases. Isolation and screening of amylase producing fungi international. Production and optimization of amylases using aspergillus. Amylase activity of a starch degrading bacteria isolated. Amylase is an important and indispensable enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the field of biotechnology.
Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Production methods there are mainly two methods which are used for production of. The maximum production of amylase was achieved after. Isolation of amylase producing fungi from garri processing wastes site will help in the bioremediation of. Starch hydrolysis test objectives, principle, procedure. The results showed that 67%, 56%, 49%, 39% and 25% of the endophytic fungi could produce lipase, cellulase, pectinase, protease and amylase enzymes, respectively table 2. Studies on diversity, amylase production by seedborne. Considering these facts, endophytic fungi isolated from the plant alpinia calcarata haw. The different types of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and yeast have been reported as the source of amylase and their properties are described guptaetal. Optimization of amylase and glucoamylase production from. Filamentous fungi have a number of properties which make them important both.
Found in plants, fungi ascomycetes and basidiomycetes and bacteria bacillus because it can act anywhere on the substrate. Screening and identification of amylase producing bacteria from marakkanam saltpan environment, tamil nadu, india. The test fungal strain was subjected to optimized conditions of incubation temperature. Most of the amylases have been produced from soil fungi such as aspergillus, penicillum and rhizopus 31. Amylase may be derived from several bacteria, yeasts and fungi, but the bacterial enzyme is generally preferred due to several characteristic advantages that it offers 5.
Amylases are produced by a variety of living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants and humans. Bacteria and fungi secrete amylases to the outside of their. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chicken feather peptone cfp on enzyme lipase and amylase production by bacillus licheniformis 016. Amylases are enzymes that break down starch or glycogen. Production of amylase in liquid culture by a strain of. Submerged fermentation technique was employed for crude amylase and biomass production. Production, purification and characterization of amylase.
Pdf prospecting filamentous fungi for amylase production. It was observed that ten fungi and ten yeasts isolates produced amylase, only nine fungal colonies showed positive results for amylase. Isolation, production and characterization of amylase. Amylase has been derived from several fungi, yeasts, bacteria and actinomycetes. Out of 99 fungi, only 21 test fungi were found to produce amylase enzyme as indicated by the production of the zone on starch agar medium. Biotechnological processes in microbial amylase production. The production of amylase is dependent on the strains, methods of cultivation, cell growth, nutrient requirement, metal ions, ph. Screening of endophytic fungi for amylase production on solid media endophytic fungal culture grown on pda was cut into 5 mm discs with the help of borer.
Fungal species have been studied a lot for the production of alpha amylase 111 because of the low cost of substrates used for the production of alpha amylases. The present work comprises the amylase enzyme production by isolated amylase producing microorganism and its industrial application. Different factors affecting growth and amylase production. Although there are many microbial sources available for amylase. Amylase, producing organisms like fungi and bacteria are generally isolated from soil and most of the work is focused on the amylase. The highest production of amylase by the two fungi was in a culture medium initially adjusted to ph 6. Isolation of amylase and cellulase producing fungi from. Production of amylase enzyme in fungi is known to depend on both morphological and metabolic state of the culture. Isolation and characterization of amylase producing. Isolation and screening of amylase producing fungi. The effect of various factors on amylase production was examined. Herein, the importance of microbial bacteria and fungi amylase is discussed along with its production methods from the laboratory to industrial scales.
Allow bacteria to grow for 24 hours and fungi to grow for 72hours, then store in the refrigerator until needed. In animals, it is a major digestive enzyme, and its optimum ph is 6. Qualitative estimation of amylase enzyme activity of fungal species. In this study, marine microorganisms were isolated to identify unique amylase producing microbes. Growth of mycelium is crucial for extracellular enzymes 8. Amylase production was detected by the development of clear zone with iodine. Amylase and cellulaseproducing fungi can be isolated from various environments such as soil saxena et al. To isolate amylase producing strain, three samples were collected from different sources, soil sample, rotted potato and spoiled food waste. In the laboratory setting, it is tested by performing a starch hydrolysis test or starch test to determine the presence or absence of an amylase enzyme.
Isolation and identification of a new fungal strain for amylase. Isolation and screening of amylase producing fungi obtained from garri processing site ogbonna c. Alpha amylase produced using all the four substrates was having good activity but wheat bran as a substrate was the best giving an activity of 0. Antimicrobial activity and amylase production by rhizophus. Enzyme amylase fungi biochemical properties and fermentation introduction brewing, detergent, textile and paper industries with the microorganisms in particular have been regarded amylase application has expanded into many other fields as treasure of useful enzymes. Amylase production by endophytic fungi cylindrocephalum sp. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Among thirty isolates of endophytic fungi, isolate number seven identified as cylindrocephalum sp.
Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides. They can be subjected to strain improvement, mutations and other such changes by which the production of. Among the various carbon and nitrogen sources tested, maltose at 1. Foods that contain much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. Amylase activity of a starch degrading bacteria isolated from soil shyam sunder alariya,sonia sethi, sakhsam gupta and b. Starch hydrolyzing fungi or bacteria could be isolated from the soil, foods or could be purchased. The ability to degrade starch is used as a criterion for the determination of amylase production by a microbe. Production of amylase by using pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Isolation and characterization of amylase enzyme from selected. Prospecting different filamentous fungi for high production of amylases in standard conditions for future application in. Pour 10 ml of sterile distilled water on the slant containing fungal. The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Considerable amounts were also recorded at ph 5, 7 and 8 but low levels in more acidic or alkaline cultures. The fungal source used predominantly for commercial production of. Production of fungal amylases using cheap, readily. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The use of solid media for detection of enzyme production. The media were tested with seven plant pathogenic and six saprophytic fungi, as well as a sample of leaf compost. Amylase production by cylindrocephalum production techniques.
Amylase is produced by several bacteria, fungi and genetically modified species of microbes. Various physical and chemical factors have been known to affect the production of amylase such as temperature, ph, carbon sources acting as inducers, and nitrogen sources respectively. Production and partial characterization of crude amylase by test fungi. Temperature inactivation of aspergilus have been known to secrete a amylase and oryzae a amylase. The high cost of fermentation media is one of the technical barriers in amylase production from microbial sources.